Greece

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By Adam Alain, Brendan Wilson, Tariq Rahmaty, and HunJin Ha

Ancient Greece was located on the Balkan Peninsula in the southeastern corner of the continent of Europe. Greece is a peninsula because it is connected with Europe on one side, and on all its other sides are surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. Their location was good for water technology like warships, fishing and using boats to contact many other islands that they had. Their country was all mountainous on the mainland. It was from Sicily to the Black Sea is which was theirs and it was also all around the Aegean Sea and across the Persian Empire. They were in Europe and they were mainly on 1 huge island, but they were also on about 5 more islands as well according to maps. It is still called Greece, but it is smaller than it once was many years ago.

Their location was good for water technology like ships, fishing and to contact many other islands that they had. Their location was perfect for trading through the sea but it was almost impossible to travel around because the lands were mountainous and dangerous. It was also a good thing because other civilization couldn't come and conquer them very easily. Since their land was very mountainous it was very hard for farmers to farm, they would finish the days all tired and very dirty because they wore white garments. The geographic setting affected them by making them have fish for a main part of their diet as well as it made it so that meat was a special treat reserved mostly for banquets. It made it so that each of the separate city-states became very independent, and so they didn't work together much.

Ancient Greece was near the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Aegean Sea and Mt. Olympus which is said to be where the Greek gods and goddess would live. There were also several other mountains in Greece, which divided the city-states apart. They were near the Mediterranean, Black, and Aegean seas, so of course they had mostly fish to eat. There were plenty enough to feed the Greeks and enough to use in multiple banquets, due to the close proximity of the ocean.

Time Period:
Ancient Greece emerged around as a civilization about 2700BC to 2000BC. It is known as Minoan Prepalatial Period. Ancient Greece civilizations emerge around 2000- 1500 BC which was their Bronze Age. The Minoan Period was great and early civilization. Ancient Greece civilization arrived around 2000- 700 BCE. Ancient Greece became a civilization sometime between 600 and 800 BC, which was known as the Archaic Period. Ancient Greece was their peaks at around 1900 to 1600 BC(Mid Fifth Century). This was called the Athenian Golden Age, and Athens, at this time, was extremely wealthy, and had food,  power, wealth, trading, etc. The golden age happened when Athens was at their peak of their power but before thy started to try to command all of Greece, but after Greece had started to expand to Persia. Ancient Greece emerged around as a civilization about 700 years Ancient Greece was around for about 554 years. Ancient Greece was definitely around for approximately 555 years. Ancient Greece was fallen at about 30BC. Ancient Greece was conquered by Rome around 146 BC. Ancient Greece had been conquered before 25 BC but after 210 B C.

Rise and Fall
They were rising because they were 1; in a good area, 2; had good fishing, and finally 3; they stopped rising at their peak (of course). They fell because of the Peloponnesian War and they were being pummeled by a economic decline, this battle did indeed went on for 27 years between the Athenians and the Spartans, although Athens wanted to take control they were no good against Sparta a city-state that focused more on war and fighting then art, reading and writing, not to mention the fact that most of the Athenians were dead or dying because of a disease that had struck sometime during the Pelopoesian War, and Greece was repeatedly being attacked by the Romans which caused their final fall. They have been conquered 4 time in the overall of the years that they had survived for all of them were after 440 B.C.E. Macedonia did win a battle against them lead by of course Alexander The Great. After the Peloponnesian War Persia fought them once more and won.

The golden age of Athens happened near the end of the Greek empire because the Athenians wanted to control all of Greece so they started to command the other city-states to bow before their ruler, of course Sparta started to fight against them creating the Peloponisian war, and that war lasted for about 27 years weakening them a lot, then they were conquered at 146 B.C.E. by Persia, led by Alexander the Great.

Technology
The Ancient Greeks had made several innovations, including keys, coins to be used as money, and the fact that heat expanded air. Their calender was based on the cycles of the sun and the seasons. For example, if it was Monday, and you wanted to meet somebody on Friday, you would say, 'Let's meet in four days.' The Ancient Greeks used irrigation, plows, water wheels, etc. They also bred animals, such as horses, or other animals that can carry things into war. They made roads and buildings out of pottery, building bricks, and carvers.

Government:
Ancient Greece had Democracy which took a lot of ruled the main land. They also had many different City- States that had their own government that ruled their islands. Before democracy was monarchies which were ruled by kings, then it was oligarchies which were rich/ wealthy people ruled, then it was tyrannies which was a powerful person which they overthrew them. They had democracy because they believed that they deserved to chose who would rule them for a year/more. also the word Democracy came from the words demos which means power and kratos which meant the people, so democracy means "the power of the people". There were lots of different city-states in Ancient Greece, and some of them had different types of government than others. Some city-states had monarchies, in which the king had complete control over everything that happened in the city-state. Some had oligarchies, in which the rich people, or aristocrats, were in charge. When an aristocrat got too much power, and took over the city-state, it was called a tyranny. Finally, some of the city-states began to develop democracies, the same kind of government that we Canadians have for ourselves, starting in Athens.  Ancient Greece had some laws that began at about 900 BC, but Ancient Greeks had no official laws or punishments. The first laws began around 900 BC. Before then, there were no official laws. There were four different kinds of laws in Ancient Greece. There were To​rt laws, which referred to damage to a person or their property, and family laws, which regulated the behaviour of a person towards their family. Public laws defined how public services should be used, and judges were able to use all other laws depending on Procedural laws, which told them how they could and couldn't use the other laws. They may have had laws but important ones include privacy, crimes, and what to do in certain cases.

Ancient Greece had had courts where every men in high class could go to and vote. There was many argument about votes. Indeed Athens had a court called an assembly which was were all the upper class men would go. Although there was fights over laws which was very noisy. Women could not go to court. Nor take anyone to court except for Sparta. Officials who decided if somebody was guilty or not were paid very little, and punishments for broken laws were very strict and harsh. The court was made entirely of the men of the city, they made a vote on guilty and not guilty as well as they proved opinions of their reason.

Economy
The economy in Ancient Greece was very important because they need to trade for other things with other countries. They traded to Cyrenaica, Egypt, Italy (specifically the Magna Graecia area and Sicily), and regions surrounding the Black Sea. Countries imported products that included papyrus, spices, fabrics, metals, and shipbuilding materials such as wood, linen, and pitch, also grain. Trading was free because traveling was easy with the sea. Ancient Greece exported wine, pottery, and olive oil to other countries such as Cyrenaica, Egypt, Italy (specifically the Magna Graecia area and Sicily), and regions surrounding the Black Sea. They also traded coins that are silver or metal from Athens. No they didn't have trouble because they could travel on water because they had ships. Close to other places like the Persian Empire. It was easy for them to trade because they had the seas to travel on. Trading was very important to all countries because Greece normally ate fish, so it was good they got a variety.

Art and Architecture
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> The Ancient Greece were really strong about the religions. Most of the art and architecture were to gods and religion. Their main form of art were pottery, temples, and metal vessels. One of the most famous architecture in the world it Parthenon temple. It is beautiful from their freezes and carvings. They were also good at doing something with their fingers such as art and metal vessels, especially the art. The arts of ancient Greece have exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries, particularly in the areas of sculptures and architectures.

Religion
The Ancient Greeks were polytheistic, meaning that they believed in gods such as Zeus, Athena, or Poseidon, who lived on a mountain called Mount Olympus.

Ancient Greeks believed that when they died, they would be brought to the entrance to the Underworld, Erebus, by Hermes, the Messenger God. But if they weren't able to pay their fare to the ferryman Charon, who would row them across the River Styx to the Underworld, they would be forced to find another entrance. Because of this, the family of a dead person would put a drachma, which is a unit of currency, under their tongue, where it could not be stolen. Once the deceased entered the Underworld, they would either go into the Elysian Fields, The Fields of Asphodel, or Tartarus. The Elysian Fields were where heroes would go, and Tartarus is where men who had angered the gods would go. The Asphodel Fields is where anyone else would go. Once a person was in either the Asphodel Fields or the Elysian fields, they could choose to be reborn. They would bathe in the River Lethe, which would wipe their memory clean, and then they would be reborn as a child. Once they had done this three times and thrice reached Elysium, the next time they had achieved Elysium, they would instead stay forever in the Isles of the Blessed.

Gods and Goddesses
King of the gods || Eagle Thunderbolt || Goddess of marraige || Dove || Moon goddess || Bow and Arrow || Tiger || God of travellers || Caduceus || Goddess of battle || Owl Weaving loom Chariots || Girdle || Blacksmith god || Forge Metal || Boar || Horse creater || Horses Waves Dolphines || Goddess of Corn || Wheat Scepter || Lord of the Dead || Helm of Darkness || Home ||
 * Name || Ruler of: || Symbol of power ||
 * Zeus || Lord of thunder,
 * Hera || Queen of Heaven
 * Artemis || Goddess of the Hunt
 * Apollo || God of the sun || Laurel tree ||
 * Dionysus || God of Wine, Parties, and Insanity || Grapes
 * Hermes || Messenger god
 * Athena || Goddess of wisdom
 * Aphrodite || Goddess of love || Sea foam
 * Hephaestus || God of Fire and Metal
 * Ares || God of War || Bloody spear
 * Poseidon || God of the Sea
 * Demeter || Goddess of Agriculture
 * Hades || God of the Underworld
 * Hestia || Goddess of the Hearth || Hearth